Destructive disorders can be developed in any section of the spine, but the high load in the lower back as a result of the lines of a person determines the appearance of changes in this segment.Osteochondrosis is accompanied by pain in the lower back.Only a doctor can correctly determine the symptoms and the treatment of pathology.In therapy, medications and physical exercises are used, in advanced stages, surgery may be needed.As an addition to the main treatment, the use of popular remedies is allowed.
What is osteochondrosis?
With osteochondrosis, a pathological change begins, with an octopoic nucleus of intervertebral discs with a gradual transition to the tissue of a fibrous ring.It weakens, it cannot resist a growing load, as a result of which a partial and then complete movement of the album begins from its physiological position.This happens when fibrous fibers do not support pressure and breakage increasing.
As the structure of the disc destroys, the destruction of nearby tissues is progressing.The participation of the closest vertebrae, their joints and ligaments begin in the pathological process.Any vertebra has a spongy substance from the inside and an external compact bone contour consisting of records.The outer layer provides hardness and allows you to support heavy loads.The vertebra also has a red bone marrow responsible for hematopoiesis.
For a long time, with osteochondrosis, complex vascular and biochemical changes occur.Bone tissue constantly changes: some cells are destroyed, the new ones come in their place.Normally, with a constant load, the formation of more durable and solid cells is stimulated.Therefore, with excessive overloads, the predominance of the dense fabric is formed.
The causes of pathology
The characteristics of modern life and a strong decrease in human motor activity lead to a weakening of muscle fibers and a decrease in their tone.In an average person, the back in the past is mainly a folded position, which leads to excess stretching of flexion muscles.This factor is considered the main to cause degenerative changes.
There are several theories of the origin of osteochondrosis:
- InvolutionaryThe etiology of the disease is the wear of the discs.This is specially facilitated by a sedentary lifestyle and the presence of bad habits.
- Muscle.The violations in the structure of the spine are due to underdevelopment or weakening of the muscular corset of the back or constant muscle cramps, as well as the inflammatory processes in them and the ligament apparatus.It is believed that the stereotype of muscle movement created incorrectly leads to degeneration.It contributes to excessive constant overload of cartilage participation and other column structures.
- AutoimmuneThe process of destruction of vertebrae and intervertebral discs develops according to the same scheme as rheumatoid arthritis.Such assumption is considered close to the truth, since biochemical disorders for collagenosis are very similar to changes in discs of discs, which leads to a deterioration in tissue and dystrophy.
The influence of the pathology of the internal organs has also been demonstrated, as well as the presence of constant microtraumas in the development of osteochondrosis.
There is a theory about an inherited predisposition of a person to this ailment;Some doctors say that violations are sometimes caused by a change in metabolic processes and deviation in internal secretion work.
In many patients with pronounced disorders, chronic infection foci are determined.
In relation to slow progression, it is read that osteochondrosis develops under the influence of several etiological moments at the same time.
Development mechanism
All symptoms that are characteristic of a distribution disorder in the lumbar region can be divided into two large groups: internal (spinal) and extravertebrial.
The latter are divided into reflex and compression.Depending on the seriousness of the injury and the presence of complications, four stages of the disease are distinguished:
- The fibrous ring under the influence of excess loads and other factors begins to change the structure: cracks are formed in it.The substance of the jacket core penetrates them.The reflex reactions occur as a result of the irritation of the nerve fibers that innervate the periosteum, the ligamentary apparatus, the fibrous ring.Its irritation occurs as a result of pressure when a hernia, local edema or inflammation is formed.Such violation leads to the appearance of vasomotor or distribution changes.As a result, a person experiences severe, permanent pain or shots.The reflex disorders in chronic osteochondrosis in the lumbar segment lead to the development of lumbago and low back pain.And myofascial pains lead to limiting movements.Radiculopathy acts as a compression syndrome, which often accompanies the damage to the lumbosacro segment.
- The progression of the pathology leads to an increase in the prolapse of the intervertebral disc with its penetration in the epidural region.The vertebrae bind and exert a different pressure on nerve roots.It can be expressed in constant irritation or severe compression.These manifestations mark the second stage with the development of discogenic radiculitis.Most of the time, such a phenomenon is observed from the fourth lumbar to the first sacred vertebra.
- This stage is characterized by a continuation of the hernia pressure in the nervous and vascular package.This ends with the appearance of paresis or paralysis in the extensor muscle of the foot.At the same time, pain syndrome decreases or disappears.
- With the last degree, the blood supply and the innervation of the spinal cord are altered with the appearance of discirculatory myelopathy.The changes become stable and are poorly borrowed to drug adjustment.
Clinical symptoms and syndromes
The manifestations of degenerative deviations in the lower back zone are manifested by the pain of various intensity and duration.In addition, a person feels fatigue, which increases at the end of the day, sleeps badly and becomes irritable.At first, the symptoms pass or reduce after a night break or remain horizontal, but then painful sensations are observed in the morning.Because of this, the patient is forced to reduce his physical activity.
The problems of the lumbar region lead to the irritation and inflammation of nerve endings, including the innervant organs of the pelvis.Therefore, with advanced pathology, urine is affected, problems are observed in the work of internal genital organs.In men, impotence develops in this context.
The irradiation of pain and deteriorated sensitivity refers to the lower extremities.The patient points to a burning sensation and "chicken skin crawl", the skin in the legs becomes pale, dry and taken away.
The osteochondrosis of the lumbar spinal column is manifested by several syndromes, whose degree of manifestation varies in several patients.
Koreshka
The pain in this case occurs as a result of the lesion of the roots, is acute, located in the damage area and enters the area of the lower part of the leg, the buttocks, the hips and the feet.To reduce unpleasant sensations, a person changes the usual march and leans towards the reverse of the infraction.The pain is accompanied by sweating, which is replaced by chills, intensifies when it comes to moving sharply after a state of rest.
Due to a decrease in muscle tone and its gradual atrophy, it becomes impossible to perform ordinary work.In an advanced stage, limb paralysis, violation of the work of the internal organs in the pelvis is developed.
Ischemic
Osteochondrosis is accompanied by damage not only to nerve endings in the lumbar region, but also blood vessels.Its compression leads to spasm, which becomes constant as it gets worse.Clinically, this phenomenon is manifested in the form of intermittent chroma.
The lack of nutrients and oxygen occurs in the pelvis organs.This exacerbates the problems of urination, defecation and power even more.
Pain
The appearance of pain is the first sign of osteochondrosis.Its intensity depends on the degree of damage.At first, the pain is short of nature, disappearing after rest, but from the beginning of the disease it is long and sore.The aggravation of the pathology leads to the appearance of sharp fires with radiation in the leg, groin, buttocks.
In a late stage, suffering is caused not only by physical effort, but even a cough or sneezing.In the lumbar region, muscle tightening is palpated, which are found in a constant spastic state.
Vertebrate
With constant pain, innervation and blood supply, a significant deformation occurs.Pudrition is remarkable not only in the field of the pathological process, but the architectural of the spinal column are interrupted.Muscle tone decreases, pelvis and pelvic bias occur.The march changes, becomes uncertain.Gradually, there is a restructuring of the entire musculoskeletal system.
Osteochondrosis complications
If the ailment in the early stages is not, complications are gradually developing, many of which significantly reduce the quality of life and even reduce their term.A neglected distribution process leads to the following violations:
- Muscle weakness, atrophy and asthenia;
- urine violation and defecation (incontinence);
- the development of severe deformation of the column in men in hard physical work and in women during pregnancy;
- violation of power in men;
- decrease in blood flow and the development of ischemia;
- protuberance and hernia of the intervertebral disc;
- spondilartrosis (growth of processes with spikes);
- Paresis of the foot;
- spondyosis.
An important point when considering the clinic of lumbar osteochondrosis is the presence of reflected pain.The injection of nerve beams leads to the irritation of the internal organs (visceral), causing pain and functional of the function in them.This explains the development of such manifestations as difficulty breathing, arrhythmias, intestines that accompany the pathology of the spine.
Treatment methods
For the treatment of the osteochondrosis of the lumbar column, several methods are used.
Medicine
The medications for the treatment of the disease are NSAIDs.They allow you to simultaneously eliminate the inflammation process and reduce pain syndrome.Simultaneously with medications for internal use, local therapy with ointments and gels with anti -inflammatory effects.Very often, sodium diclofenac, ibuprofen in tablets or capsules is used.Sometimes, with anti -inflammatory medications intolerance, analgesics are used.
With severe pain, local blockages with novocaine or lidocaine are carried out.In some cases, with a pronounced inflammation simultaneously during the paravertebral block, glucocorticoids are used with novocaine.This allows you to influence the afferent conductivity and normalizes the reflex activity of the supraying parts of the nervous system.
A good result in muscle spasm is demonstrated by central muscle relaxants, a typical representative of this class is the medocal.These medications are combined with non -steroidal anti -inflammatory, improving the effect of anesthesia and the restoration of movement as a whole.
Additional drug treatment includes sedatives and medications to normalize the work of the nervous system.For this, it is sometimes recommended to take antidepressants, antipsychotics or tranquilizers.
Vitamin complexes that include group B, vitamin D and calcium help improve nerve conductivity and metabolic processes.To restore the cartilage structure, prolonged use of condoprotectors is used.
Physiotherapy
Modern physiotherapy techniques are an integral part of the successful treatment of the lumbar spine osteochondrosis.These include:
- The use of currents of various frequency and intensity.Typically, a current effect with a force of up to 100 mA, ampulse (modulated currents), darsonvalization, electrophoresis with analgesic substance and proteolytic enzymes is used.Methods can improve blood circulation in the damage zone, restore metabolic processes, increase blood flow and administer the medication directly to the point of application.
- Laser use.Its exposure reduces the activity of inflammation and pain, and when it is directed to the paraporation points, it allows you to restore the structure of the intervertebral discs.
- UFO.With the help of ultraviolet irradiation, heating, vitamin D production and calcium metabolism optimization.
- MagnetotherapyIt consists of the use of an induction magnet to restore regenerative processes at the level of cell structures.
- Balneotherapy.It provides the use of healing water and mud.To this end, the patient is recommended to take common and local baths, make applications and compresses.
Physiotherapy and massage
An important link in treatment is physical education.Its implementation is mandatory, but the selection of movements must be carried out by a specialist.Classes allow you to restore muscle tone, strengthen your fibers, expand the volume of movements in the spine.To obtain a positive result, certain rules must be observed:
- You cannot perform exercises if they cause excessive pain or stress;You must start training under the control of an exercise therapy instructor;
- Physical education should be done regularly, only under this condition the formation of a muscle corset will occur;
- Do not make movements sharply and too fast, an average or slow pace is generally recommended;
- Gymnastics is not carried out with exacerbation of any disease;
- In case of deterioration, you must immediately stop the exercise and consult a specialist.
It is better to select exercises that are carried out in the position of lying and standing on all fours.It is useful to stretch the column, download the press and back.For such a patient, a good rehabilitation method after an exacerbation of osteochondrosis will be a visit to the pool.
Massage is also an effective method of therapy for osteochondrosis in the lumbar segment.
An experienced specialist will help improve metabolic processes and microcirculation in the rape zone, relieve muscle tension.The use of massage in the acute period extends, in the presence of severe irreversible deformations, open wounds, rashes or skin burns.
Surgery
In the absence of the results of complex conservative therapy, it only remains to use the radical treatment method.It consists of carrying out an operation in the spine to eliminate the compression of the nerve roots and the maximum possible restoration of the mobility of the column or stabilize its affected segment.
The indications for the operation are:
- HERNAY DEVELOPMENT DRAWING DRAWING;
- severe pain, which does not stop by using medications and blocking;
- Full drop on the disc with the development of flow syndrome and ischemia;
- The appearance of radiculomiloicemic signs.
Very often, the patient is carried out by microdisctomy, when the bone tissue retains its integrity, and the rehabilitation process has a short period of time.
There are other intervention methods:
- endoscopic nucleotomy;
- Laser vaporization of the disc;
- Plasma disc nucleoplasty.
Scientists around the world are developing for the implementation of prostheses that replace intervertebral discs.This will allow rehabilitating the patient after surgery and reducing the probability of disability.
The use of traditional medicine
Together with drug use, popular methods are used to treat pain in the lower back.They cannot replace the complete osteochondrosis therapy, but allow remission to reach the remission in complex therapy:
- At home, it is convenient to use radish or spicy radish as compresses.They must be chopped in a grater, add some sour cream at home and apply to the lesion.
- You can pour boiling water on a gross leaf and attach to the lumbar region.Cover at the top with a scarf down and keep an hour.
- Bodyaga powder, diluted 1:30 with vegetable oil, helps well.From the mixture, an excellent warming compress is obtained, which must be maintained for an hour.
- It is useful to rub the lower back with liquid honey.But this must be done correctly to achieve a powerful avalanche of blood to pain.
- To eliminate pain in lumbar, ointment is used.For manufacturing, you must take the same ghee actions, camphor oil and chestnut dust of horses.After an exhaustive mixture, the product is stained in pieces of rye bread and applies to the duel.
Before using any popular remedy, you should consult a doctor.
Disease prevention
To prevent the development of lumbar osteochondrosis and the renewal of remission, prevention rules must be followed:
- Avoid hypothermia;
- Do not lift heavy objects (the maximum allowed load for a woman is 5 kg, for a man - 10 kg);
- Perform the daily exercises that allow us to strengthen the muscle corset and the press;
- With prolonged work, take regular breaks and heaven;
- While walking, always monitor your position;
- regularly disinfect possible sources of chronic infection;
- Eat properly and prevent overweight;
- Walk at a moderate pace as long as possible;
- Visit a dance group, participate in swimming, sports walking, avoiding sudden movements and strong jumps.
It is completely impossible to cure the osteochondrosis, since the changes that take place in the spine are irreversible, but modern help methods help restore the patient's quality of life for a long period.